Effects of excessive administration of caffeine on the size and histology of the testes of adult male Wistar rats

Caffeine is a stimulant commonly added in some tea, coffee, soft drinks and energy drinks. Although, caffeine is widely consumed by both males and females, energy drinks are most commonly consumed among the males (Ricci et. al., 2017; Dillon et al., 20). Moderate consumption may help to reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including diabetes, liver disease and cancer as well as improve immune functions; however, high consumption (400mg/day) is associated with the risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases (Boyland, 2024). Studies have also shown that high consumption also poses hazards on the reproductive functions of both males and females (Jensen et al., 2020; Ricci et al., 2017). The study aimed to determine the effects of excessive caffeine on the reproductive functions of male wistar rats. Twenty-one-(21) male rats weighing 142-175 grams were used in the study and were divided into 3 groups of 7 animals each. Group A received feed and water only, group B received 25 mg/kg of Caffeine, and group C received 50 mg/kg of Caffeine. The administration of the Caffeine lasted for two-weeks and was administered through oral cannula daily between 6-7am. Data was obtained using the Statistical Science for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Data obtained for relative testicular weight and absolute testicular weight was analyzed using ANOVA followed by post hoc LSD comparison. Body weight was analyzed using T-dependent test. Data was considered significant at p<0.05. Result showed that caffeine showed a significant decrease in group B, while group C had no significance. Also, caffeine caused a significant decrease in the absolute and relative testicular weight in groups B and C. Histologically, report showed spermatogenic arrest, decrease active spermatogonia, and necrosis in groups B and C. The study thus revealed that excessive administration of caffeine resulted in negative impact on body weight, testicular weight, and histoarchitectural changes of the testes.