Sailing warships in early modern Europe: Technological evolution, naval strategy, and archaeological insights

This study examines the historical development of sailing warships from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, focusing on their technological innovations and strategic significance. It explores major naval engagements, shipbuilding techniques, and the organization of naval crews, highlighting the implementation of new tactical practices at sea. Particular attention is given to the gradual transition from sail-powered fleets to steam-powered vessels and its impact on the decline of traditional sailing warships.

By integrating archaeological findings and historical sources, this research provides new insights into shipwrecks and naval architecture, emphasizing the interrelation of technology, strategy, and political power during the early modern period. Contemporary scholarly literature indexed by DOI is incorporated to support the analysis.

Overall, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of naval history, presenting sailing warships as essential instruments of military, political, and economic influence. It establishes a foundation for further research on maritime technology, naval tactics, and the broader geopolitical role of warships.