Effect of farmers/herders` conflict on the livelihood of cattle value chain actors in Delta State, Nigeria

Cattle value chain is relevant to the livelihood of people in Delta State, Nigeria, yet vulnerable to unsecured environment. Empirical information on the effect of farmers/herders` conflict on the income of cattle value chain actors is scanty in Delta State. This study examined the effect of farmers/herders` conflict on the livelihood (income) of cattle value chain actors; Primary data, collected with questionnaire from 200 cattle value chain actors, were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Major causes of conflict identified included crop destruction, lack of grazing reserves, land ownership disputes, and poor conflict governance. Regression results show that cattle rustling, kidnapping, killing, and rape cases significantly (P≤0.05) reduced the income of cattle value chain actors. The results further indicate that the monthly mean income of traders decreased from ₦267,260 before the conflict to ₦244,760 during the conflict. The structure of cattle trade analysis revealed moderate to high market concentration, while income inequality among cattle traders increased during conflict periods, with the Gini coefficient rising from 0.35 (before conflict) to 0.52 (during conflict). Majority of both herders and traders perceived that the existence of grazing reserves would significantly improve cattle traders` income, trade volume, and market accessibility. We found sufficient evidence to conclude that farmers/herders` conflict to large extent determines the livelihood/income of cattle value chain actors in Delta State, Nigeria.  The study recommended the establishment and effective management of grazing reserves and ranching systems as a sustainable strategy for improving cattle trade performance.