Leveraging geographic information systems and data analytics for enhanced public sector decision-making and urban planning

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and data analytics are revolutionizing public sector governance and urban planning by providing innovative tools for data-driven decision-making. This review explores the integration of GIS and data analytics as a means to address complex challenges in resource management, crisis response, environmental sustainability, and urban development. GIS enables spatial data collection, visualization, and analysis, while advanced data analytics, including predictive models and machine learning, enriches decision-making processes by uncovering actionable insights from diverse datasets. Applications in public governance include optimizing resource allocation, enhancing emergency response strategies, and managing environmental impacts. In urban planning, GIS facilitates land use management, infrastructure development, and the creation of smart cities powered by the Internet of Things (IoT). The review highlights successful case studies, showcasing how cities worldwide have leveraged these technologies to achieve sustainable development and improve the quality of life for their residents. Despite their potential, the implementation of GIS and data analytics faces challenges such as data quality issues, financial and technical constraints, privacy concerns, and resistance to change within bureaucratic systems. This review discusses these barriers and offers insights into overcoming them through advancements in technology, collaborative governance models, and increased stakeholder engagement. This concludes by emphasizing the transformative role of GIS and data analytics in fostering more transparent, efficient, and sustainable urban governance. By embracing these tools, public sector entities can better anticipate and address societal needs, paving the way for more resilient and inclusive communities. Future opportunities include leveraging artificial intelligence, expanding GIS use cases, and fostering international collaboration to further enhance public sector and urban planning outcomes.