Sleep Quality in Patients with Depression at the Outpatient Psychiatric Department of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital

Background: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and one of the leading causes of disability and suicide. Approximately 50 – 90% of patients with depression experience sleep disturbance as an additional symptom. Sleep disorders not only represent as a primary factor for patients with depression to seek for professional help but also represent as a risk factor for suicide and self-harm. A good sleep quality can improve mood and support the recovery process in patients with depression.

Methods: The type of research used in this study is a cross-sectional study employing a demographic and PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) questionnaire to assess sleep quality among patients with depression at Outpatient Psychiatric Department of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. This study utilized primary data obtained through guided-interviews and secondary data collected from the patient's medical records.

Results: Based on 81 respondents at Outpatient Psychiatric Department of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, most respondents were female patients around 18 – 25 years old. According to the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) score, 74 respondents (91.35%) had poor subjective sleep quality. The PSQI components include fairly good subjective sleep quality (41.98%), poor sleep latency (64.2%), very good sleep duration (34.57%), very good sleep efficiency (49.38%), fairly frequent sleep disturbance (50.62%), frequently use of sleep medication (65.43%), and fairly poor daytime disfunction (40.74%).

Conclusion: Based on a cross-sectional study of 81 patients with depression at the Outpatient Psychiatric Department of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents were female patients aged 18 – 25 years. According to the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) score, 74 respondents (91.35%) had poor sleep quality. The PSQI components include subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. The main factors contributing to poor sleep quality among respondents were physical comorbidities and drugs interactions from medications being taken.