Overview of Lens Vault and Anterior Chamber Depth in Glaucoma Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in 2024

Background: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in Asia. Anatomical factors such as shallow anterior chamber depth (ACD) and increased lens vault (LV) are key mechanisms contributing to angle closure. However, specific biometric data in the Indonesian population remain limited.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of glaucoma patients at the Outpatient Ophthalmology Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, in 2024 and to analyze the relationship between ACD and LV as risk factors for glaucoma.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytic observational design was employed using medical records of glaucoma patients. A total of 49 subjects (69 eyes) meeting inclusion criteria were included. Measurements of ACD and LV were obtained using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT).

Results: The majority of patients were female (71.4%), with the largest age group being 51–60 years. PACG was the most common diagnosis (53.6%), followed by PAC (34.8%). The mean ACD was 1.99 mm, with shallower values in females compared to males. The mean LV was 962.7 µm, higher in females and increasing with age. Statistical analysis revealed a strong and significant negative correlation between ACD and LV, indicating that higher LV is associated with shallower ACD.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates an inverse relationship between lens vault (LV) and anterior chamber depth (ACD), with higher LV associated with shallower ACD.. Females showed higher LV and shallower ACD, reflecting greater anatomical susceptibility. Overall, increased LV combined with reduced ACD represents a key anatomical risk factor for angle-closure glaucoma, supporting the need for early biometric screening in high-risk groups.