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Research and review articles are invited for publication in September - October 2026 (Volume 18, Issue 1) Submit manuscript

Local modeling of the human humerus, its challenges and possibilities

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  • Local modeling of the human humerus, its challenges and possibilities

Chukwubuikem Agada Echem 1, Isaac Etim Udoudou 2, Albert Nkereuwem Eteudo 1 and Eric Omo Irinmwinuwa 3, *

1 Department of Anatomy, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Nursing, Merit College of Nursing Sciences, Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Research Article
Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 2026, 16(01), 044-053
Article DOI: 10.30574/msarr.2026.16.1.0009
DOI url: https://doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2026.16.1.0009

Received on 12 December 2025; revised on 18 January 2026; accepted on 21 January 2026

Words ordinarily has been found not been to be enough in effective teaching and as such instructional materials is the conduit, through which message, information, ideas and knowledge can be passed effortlessly, instructional technology enables the development of both certain learning as well as abilities of the students as well as the mental skill, intellectual and motor skill of the students. The production of the model involved four stages. The first stage was modelling stage which involved sourcing and making a clay mould of same features, the second stage was the first casting stage which was done using silicon to get a trapped image out of the clay mould, the third stage is the charging which is done using a mixture of resin, accelerator, catalyst, and fibre matt to get a stronger jacket, the fourth stage is the second casting process which involved using the fibre glass jacket to produce the real mould using the mixture of accelerator, catalyst and marble dust. The fifth stage is finishing stage and involved filing the product to remove rough edges and painting it with an oil paint with colour similar to that of the real human bone. The result from this research showed that anatomical models can be produced using locally available materials around us, some of the challenges of producing a human model included; cost and durability of materials. The techniques introduced in this article allow forming the bone surface model of the humerus, part-moulding of parametric geometrical models. The necessity of a model is to establish geometrical models of as a teaching resource to understand better what is taught. As medical personnel requires models for consultation and possible treatment to diseases, while teachers need them as teaching aids to foster learning by the students. Students should use materials in their communities to produce different anatomical models for learning and also that the art of modelling should be incorporated in the approved National University Commission (NUC) curriculum to widen the scope of anatomical studies.

Humerus; Anatomical model; Bone; Moulding; Casting

https://msarr.magnascientiapub.com/sites/default/files/fulltext_pdf/MSARR-2026-…

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Chukwubuikem Agada Echem, Isaac Etim Udoudou, Albert Nkereuwem Eteudo and Eric Omo Irinmwinuwa. Local modeling of the human humerus, its challenges and possibilities. Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 2026, 16(1), 044-053. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2026.16.1.0009

Copyright © Author(s). All rights reserved. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated.


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