Literature Review: Pathophysiology of Tuberculous Meningitis: Mechanism of Infection and Immune Response

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the tuberculosis forms that attacks the central nervous system caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This illness generally happens through developed countries, especially to the kids and having high mortality levels even after modern treatment exists. The TBM happens when the MTB spreads from the lungs into the brain, crossing the brain's blood barrier, and causing inflammation. People with low-immune levels could possibly let MTB spread easily through the body. The pathophysiology of TBM is influenced by the genetics, immune responses, also the microbiota as the factors. The genetics' variation on the immune system could increase the risk of getting the illness, while the microbiota imbalance could affect the immune functions. Furthermore, this condition impacts kids and the adults. The kids get affected more severely and the people with HIV will face complications caused by immune pressure. The deeper understanding through TBM mechanisms including immune factors, also genetics are important in aim to increase prevention and treatment. The modulation immune and microbiota approaches as targeted therapy highlights a positive potential in terms of improving the patient's treatment result and decreasing the TBM's global burden.