Assessing the environmental footprint of the electric vehicle supply chain

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) represents a crucial step towards reducing global carbon emissions and fostering sustainable transportation. However, the environmental footprint of the EV supply chain poses significant challenges that need to be addressed. This review paper assesses the environmental impacts associated with the EV supply chain, focusing on key stages such as raw material extraction, component manufacturing, and vehicle assembly. It highlights the substantial environmental costs, including land degradation, water pollution, and carbon emissions, particularly from the extraction of critical raw materials like lithium, cobalt, and nickel. The paper also explores the lifecycle carbon footprint of EVs, comparing it with that of conventional vehicles, and underscores the importance of sustainable practices in mitigating these impacts. Furthermore, it discusses regulatory frameworks, industry collaboration, and innovation as essential strategies for promoting sustainability in the EV supply chain. The paper concludes with a call to action for continued efforts in research, policy development, and industry practices to minimize the environmental footprint of EVs and advance sustainable mobility solutions.